[Identification of effective biotherapy for bacterial otitis media in children presenting to private clinics in Sanaa city]

To identify the causative agents of otitis media of children aged up to 15 years, and determine the proper antibiotics and compare them with those empirically prescribed by Yemeni pediatricians. A total of 429 bacteriology results of middle ear swabs, agent microorganisms, and their susceptibility to antibiotics of children aged up to 15 years old with otitis media resistant to prescribed antibiotics were collected from three main microbiology lab in Sana 'a city during the period from June 2006 till June 2007. Fifty pediatricians were asked to list their 5 antibiotics of choice in treatment of otitis media to compare empirical prescription with microbiology A total of 429 children were enrolled in this study, 145 [33.8%] of them aged 2 year or less, 101 between 3-5 years [23.5%], while 183 aged 6 years old and above [42.7%]. Males were 266 [62.0%] while 163 [38.0%] were females. The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus [41.7%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [17.7%], Proteus spp [11.2%] and Hemophilus influenza [7.7%]. Concerning antibiotics, pathogens were more sensitive to ceftriaxone [77.7%] followed by cefotaxime [72.0%], cefuroxime [69.1%], amoxil/clavulanic [57.3%]. Most common empirically prescribed antibiotics were amoxil/clavulanic [92%]. Practicing pediatricians used to prescribe amoxil/ davulanic first and a considerable proportion are prescribing amoxil which is not effective. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. are the most common pathogens associated with otitis media in Yemeni children. Otitis media pathogens are sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and amoxil/clavulanic respectively

Prevalence of malaria and types of plasmodium in patients presenting with fever to the health center in Hajer Valley, Hadromout, Yemen

To determine the prevalence of malaria and the species of Plasmodium causing the disease in patients presenting with fever to the health center in Hajer Valley, Hadramout, Yemen. A record-based descriptive study was done in the health center in Hajer Valley, Hadramout Governorate during a one year period from January 2000 to December 2000. The 3653 patients presenting with fever were investigated in the laboratory unit for malaria using thick and thin blood films additionally, information about age and gender were collected. A range of the patients was from 0-65. There were 3653 febrile cases [males 1886, females 1767] submitted for malaria examinations. Of these, 1212 [33.2%] were malaria parasite positive, 691 [57%] of them were males and 521 [43%] were females. Infants constituted 8%, those 1-4 years 27% and those 5-14 years 27% Plasmodium falciparum represented 97% of the positive malaria cases and Plasmodium vivax 3%. Hajer Valley is a high-risk area for malaria transmission, and the predominant species was Plasmodium falciparum. The majority of the patients were males. Malaria infected all ages, but it was more common in the age groups from 0-14 years. We strongly recommend all febrile cases, in this area, to be treated with anitmalarial drugs. More effort are needed to control for this problem in Hajer Valley in order to reduce the rate of infection with malaria parasites

Frequency of intestinal parasites in children presenting with diarrhea and/or abdominal pain to Sam hospital, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen

To detect the frequency of intestinal parasites in children presenting with diarrhea and/or abdominal pain to Sam Hospital, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen. A record-based study was performed during a one year period from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003. The total number of patients seen for differnt causes through that period was 24100. The charts of those children with diarrhea and/or abdominal pain or discomfort who were referred to the laboratory unit for stool examination were analyzed. A normal saline sedimentation technique was adopted for stool examination. Normal ethyl acetate sedimentation or direct smear methods were also used when necessary. Data about age and sex were collected. The ages of the patients ranged from 2 months to 15 years. Stool examination was carried out in 2824 patients; 1703 [60.3%] of them were males and 1121 [39.7%] were females. Six hundred sixty [23.4%] specimens were parasite positive. Of these, 286 [10.1%] were Entamoeba histolytica, 266 [9.4%] Giardia lamblia, 52 [[1.8%] Hymenolepis nana, 27 [1%] Schistsoma mansoni, 20 [0.7%] Ascaris, 5 [0.2%] Enterobius, and 4 [0.1%] Trichuris trichiura. The majority of the patients were males. The most frequently found found intestinal parasites in children were Entamoeba histolytica followed by Giardia, H. nana, Schistosoma mansoni, and Ascaris

Chronic renal failure in adult Yemeni patients: Risk factors

This research was done to investigate some of the risk factors of chronic renal failure among adult Yemeni patients. A case-control study of two groups, each containing 140 patients, was designed. Cases were the patients with chronic renal failure in the dialysis center of Al-Thawra Modern General Hospital in Sana'a. The controls were selected from other departments: general surgery, orthopedics and gynecology. The groups were matched for age, sex and residence. Risk factors studied included previous renal calculi, urinary tract infections, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, prostatic enlargement, malaria, tuberculosis, family history, analgesic abuse and Khat chewing. Mean age of cases was 38.6 +/- 13.9 years and that of the controls was 39.7 +/- 12.6 years. Renal calculi were found to be the most common risk factor for chronic renal failure in Yemen, with odds ratio of 11.23. The second risk factor was hypertension with odds ratio of 8.33. Third was a history of urinary tract infection with odds ratio of 4.04. The family history of hereditary diseases was the fourth risk factor with odds ratio of 3.24, and last was analgesic abuse with odds ratio of 2.05. The other studied factors were found to be of no significance in relation to chronic renal failure. Renal calculi were the leading risk factor for chronic renal failure